<?xml version="1.0" ?>
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<name doi="10.1601/nm.7796" xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/name">
  <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
    <name-status-group>
      <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7796" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7797" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7809" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7796">Spirochaetaceae</identifier>
      <authority>Swellengrebel 1907 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hördt et al. 2020</authority>
      <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirochaetaceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.7796" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
    </name-status-group>
  </nomenclature>
  <events>
    <event date="1980" reference="rid.1300" type="validation" />
    <event date="1907" reference="rid.5192" type="effective-publication" />
    <event date="2012" reference="rid.13409" type="emendation" />
    <event date="2013" reference="rid.14578" type="emendation" />
    <event date="2020" reference="rid.21840" type="emendation" />
  </events>
  <taxon doi="10.1601/tx.7796" rank="family" xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/taxon">
    <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
      <name-status-group>
        <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7796" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7797" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7809" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7796">Spirochaetaceae</identifier>
        <authority>Swellengrebel 1907 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hördt et al. 2020</authority>
        <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirochaetaceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.7796" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
      </name-status-group>
    </nomenclature>
    <nomenclatural-type nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7809" xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
      <name-status-group>
        <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7797" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7809" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7809" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7797">Spirochaeta</identifier>
        <authority>Ehrenberg 1835 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Shivani et al. 2015</authority>
        <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirochaeta" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.7797" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
      </name-status-group>
    </nomenclatural-type>
    <taxonomic-equivalence>
      <related-taxon accession="137" nomos="NCBI Taxonomy" rank="family" relation="exactMatch" />
    </taxonomic-equivalence>
    <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.0" rank="root">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.0" rank="root" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.0">Universal Root</identifier>
          <authority>Woese et al. 1990</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Universal Root" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.0" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
      <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.419" rank="domain">
        <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
          <name-status-group>
            <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.419" rank="domain" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.419">Bacteria</identifier>
            <authority>(None 2015) Woese et al. 1990</authority>
            <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacteria" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.419" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
          </name-status-group>
        </nomenclature>
        <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.7793" rank="phylum">
          <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
            <name-status-group>
              <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.31632" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7797" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7809" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7793">Spirochaetota</identifier>
              <authority>corrig. Garrity and Holt 2021</authority>
              <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirochaetota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.31632" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
            </name-status-group>
            <name-status-group>
              <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7793" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7797" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7809" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7793">Spirochaetes</identifier>
              <authority>(sic) Garrity and Holt 2021 non Spirochaetes Cavalier-Smith 2002</authority>
              <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirochaetota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.31632" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
            </name-status-group>
          </nomenclature>
          <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.27745" rank="class">
            <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
              <name-status-group>
                <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.27745" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7795" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7809" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.27745">Spirochaetia</identifier>
                <authority>(Cavalier-Smith 2002) Paster 2020</authority>
                <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirochaetia" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.27745" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
              </name-status-group>
            </nomenclature>
            <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.7795" rank="order">
              <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
                <name-status-group>
                  <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7795" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7797" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7809" rank="order" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7795">Spirochaetales</identifier>
                  <authority>Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hördt et al. 2020</authority>
                  <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirochaetales" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.7795" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
                </name-status-group>
              </nomenclature>
              <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.7796" rank="family">
                <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
                  <name-status-group>
                    <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7796" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7797" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7809" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7796">Spirochaetaceae</identifier>
                    <authority>Swellengrebel 1907 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hördt et al. 2020</authority>
                    <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirochaetaceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.7796" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
                  </name-status-group>
                </nomenclature>
              </ancestor>
            </ancestor>
          </ancestor>
        </ancestor>
      </ancestor>
    </ancestor>
    <parent doi="10.1601/tx.7795" rank="order">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7795" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7797" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7809" rank="order" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7795">Spirochaetales</identifier>
          <authority>Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hördt et al. 2020</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirochaetales" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.7795" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </parent>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.21198" rank="family">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.21198" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.13087" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.13717" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.21198">Incertae sedis 31</identifier>
          <authority>None 2015</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Incertae sedis 31" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.21198" illegitimate="true" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.24815" rank="family">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.24815" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7813" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7814" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.24815">Borreliaceae</identifier>
          <authority>Gupta et al. 2014</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Borreliaceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.24815" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.17956" rank="family">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.17956" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7857" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7858" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.17956">Treponemataceae</identifier>
          <authority>Robinson 1948 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hördt et al. 2020</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Treponemataceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.17956" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.7878" rank="family">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7878" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7886" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7887" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7878">Brachyspiraceae</identifier>
          <authority>Paster 2012</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Brachyspiraceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.7878" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.14427" rank="family">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.14427" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7845" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7846" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.14427">Brevinemataceae</identifier>
          <authority>Paster 2012</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Brevinemataceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.14427" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.7892" rank="family">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7892" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7893" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.26170" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7892">Leptospiraceae</identifier>
          <authority>Hovind-Hougen 1979 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Levett et al. 2005</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Leptospiraceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.7892" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.36614" rank="family">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.36614" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.22801" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.22802" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.36614">Sphaerochaetaceae</identifier>
          <authority>Hördt et al. 2020 non Sphaerochaetaceae Bidzhieva et al. 2020</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Sphaerochaetaceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.36614" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.38116" rank="family">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.38116" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.22801" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.22802" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.38116">Sphaerochaetaceae</identifier>
          <authority>Bidzhieva et al. 2020 non Sphaerochaetaceae Hördt et al. 2020</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Sphaerochaetaceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.38116" illegitimate="true" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.42724" rank="family">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.42724" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.41112" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.41113" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.42724">Breznakiellaceae</identifier>
          <authority>Brune et al. 2022</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Breznakiellaceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.42724" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.42733" rank="family">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.42733" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.29889" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.29890" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.42733">Rectinemataceae</identifier>
          <authority>Brune et al. 2022</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Rectinemataceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.42733" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <child doi="10.1601/tx.7853" rank="genus">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7853" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7854" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7854" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7853">Hollandina</identifier>
          <authority>(ex To and Margulis 1978) Bermudes et al. 1988</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Hollandina" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.7853" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="true" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </child>
    <child doi="10.1601/tx.7857" rank="genus">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7857" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7858" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7858" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7857">Treponema</identifier>
          <authority>Schaudinn 1905 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Abt et al. 2013</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Treponema" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.7857" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </child>
    <child doi="10.1601/tx.22801" rank="genus">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.22801" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.22802" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.22802" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.22801">Sphaerochaeta</identifier>
          <authority>Ritalahti et al. 2012 emend. Bidzhieva et al. 2020</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Sphaerochaeta" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.22801" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </child>
    <child doi="10.1601/tx.26672" rank="genus">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.26672" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.26673" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.26673" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.26672">Salinispira</identifier>
          <authority>Ben Hania et al. 2015</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Salinispira" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.26672" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </child>
    <child doi="10.1601/tx.28290" rank="genus">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.28290" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.28569" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7800" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.28290">Alkalispirochaeta</identifier>
          <authority>Sravanthi et al. 2016</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Alkalispirochaeta" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.28290" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </child>
    <child doi="10.1601/tx.29487" rank="genus">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.29487" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.30840" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.30840" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.29487">Marispirochaeta</identifier>
          <authority>Shivani et al. 2017</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Marispirochaeta" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.29487" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </child>
    <child doi="10.1601/tx.29462" rank="genus">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.29462" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.29463" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8854" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.29462">Sediminispirochaeta</identifier>
          <authority>Shivani et al. 2016</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Sediminispirochaeta" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.29462" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </child>
    <child doi="10.1601/tx.29668" rank="genus">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.29668" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.29669" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.26150" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.29668">Pleomorphochaeta</identifier>
          <authority>Arroua et al. 2017</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Pleomorphochaeta" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.29668" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </child>
    <child doi="10.1601/tx.8239" rank="genus">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.8239" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.8240" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8240" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.8239">Saprospira</identifier>
          <authority>Gross 1911 emend. Lewin and Leadbetter 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Saprospira" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.8239" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </child>
    <child doi="10.1601/tx.7847" rank="genus">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7847" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7848" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7848" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7847">Clevelandina</identifier>
          <authority>Bermudes et al. 1988</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Clevelandina" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.7847" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </child>
    <child doi="10.1601/tx.7851" rank="genus">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7851" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7852" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7852" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7851">Diplocalyx</identifier>
          <authority>(Gharagozlou 1968) Bermudes et al. 1988</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Diplocalyx" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.7851" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="true" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </child>
    <child doi="10.1601/tx.7855" rank="genus">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
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          <authority>Koelschbach et al. 2017</authority>
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          <authority>Subhash and Lee 2017</authority>
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          <authority>(sic) Sikutová et al. 2010</authority>
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          <authority>corrig. Sikutová et al. 2010</authority>
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          <authority>Dubinina et al. 2020</authority>
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