Serpulina innocens (Kinyon and Harris 1979) Stanton 1992 Serpulina innocens (Kinyon and Harris 1979) Stanton 1992 Universal Root Woese et al. 1990 Bacteria (None 2015) Woese et al. 1990 Spirochaetota corrig. Garrity and Holt 2021 Spirochaetes (sic) Garrity and Holt 2021 non Spirochaetes Cavalier-Smith 2002 Spirochaetia (Cavalier-Smith 2002) Paster 2020 Spirochaetales Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hördt et al. 2020 Brachyspiraceae Paster 2012 Brachyspira Hovind-Hougen et al. 1983 Serpulina innocens (Kinyon and Harris 1979) Stanton 1992 Brachyspira Hovind-Hougen et al. 1983 Serpulina pilosicoli Trott et al. 1996 Serpulina intermedia Stanton et al. 1997 Serpulina murdochii Stanton et al. 1997 Serpulina alvinipulli Stanton et al. 1998 Serpulina hyodysenteriae Stanton 1992 pro synon. Serpula hyodysenteriae (Harris et al. 1972) Stanton et al. 1991 Serpulina innocens (Kinyon and Harris 1979) Stanton 1992 Treponema innocens Kinyon and Harris 1979 (Approved Lists 1980) Serpula innocens (Kinyon and Harris 1979) Stanton et al. 1991 Brachyspira innocens (Kinyon and Harris 1979) Ochiai et al. 1998 emend. Hördt et al. 2020 Stanton T.B. Jensen N.S. Casey T.A. Tordoff L.A. Dewhirst F.E. Paster B.J. Reclassification of Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens in a new genus, Serpula gen. nov., as Serpula hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and Serpula innocens comb. nov. 1991 41 1 50 58 International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology Int J Syst Bacteriol 0020-7713 10.1099/00207713-41-1-50 1704792 Pettersson B. Fellstrom C. Andersson A. Uhlen M. Gunnarsson A. Johansson K.E. The phylogeny of intestinal porcine spirochetes (Serpulina species) based on sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 1996 178 4189 4199 Journal of Bacteriology J Bacteriol 0021-9193 1098-5530 8763948 Skerman V.B.D. McGowan V. Sneath P.H.A. Approved Lists of Bacterial Names 1980 30 1 225 420 International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology Int J Syst Bacteriol 0020-7713 10.1099/00207713-30-1-225 Stanton T.B. Proposal to change the genus designation Serpula to Serpulina gen. nov. containing the species Serpulina hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and Serpulina innocens comb. nov. 1992 42 1 189 190 International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology Int J Syst Bacteriol 0020-7713 10.1099/00207713-42-1-189 1736966 Brachyspira innocens (Kinyon and Harris 1979) Ochiai et al. 1998 emend. Hördt et al. 2020 Serpula innocens (Kinyon and Harris 1979) Stanton et al. 1991 Ochiai S. Adachi Y. Mori K. Unification of the genera Serpulina and Brachyspira, and proposals of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae comb. nov., Brachyspira innocens comb. nov. and Brachyspira pilosicoli comb. nov. 1997 41 6 445 452 Microbiology and Immunology Microbiol Immunol 0385-5600 1348-0421 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01877.x 9251055 Stanton T.B. Proposal to change the genus designation Serpula to Serpulina gen. nov. containing the species Serpulina hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and Serpulina innocens comb. nov. 1992 42 1 189 190 International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology Int J Syst Bacteriol 0020-7713 10.1099/00207713-42-1-189 1736966