<?xml version="1.0" ?>
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<name doi="10.1601/nm.8068" xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/name">
  <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
    <name-status-group>
      <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.8068" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.17929" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8271" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.8068">Flavobacteria</identifier>
      <authority>Cavalier-Smith 1998 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2002</authority>
      <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Flavobacteriia" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.22978" illegitimate="true" is-current="false" rejected="true" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
    </name-status-group>
  </nomenclature>
  <events>
    <event date="1998" reference="rid.18437" type="effective-publication" />
    <event date="2002" reference="rid.7524" type="emendation" />
    <event date="2005" reference="rid.7525" type="judicial-opinion">
      <opinion opinion-number="79" opinion-type="Rejected">
        <public-note>By unanimous consent, the Judicial Commission voted to reject all of the names proposed by Cavalier-Smith (Minute 22 of the XIIth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey).</public-note>
      </opinion>
      <references>
        <reference date="2001" id="rid.7526" type="request" />
        <reference date="2011" id="rid.12922" type="minutes" />
        <reference date="2014" id="rid.15557" type="emendation" />
      </references>
    </event>
  </events>
  <taxon doi="10.1601/tx.8068" rank="class" xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/taxon">
    <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
      <name-status-group>
        <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.8068" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.17929" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8271" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.8068">Flavobacteria</identifier>
        <authority>Cavalier-Smith 1998 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2002</authority>
        <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Flavobacteriia" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.22978" illegitimate="true" is-current="false" rejected="true" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
      </name-status-group>
    </nomenclature>
    <nomenclatural-type nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8271" xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
      <name-status-group>
        <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.17929" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.8270" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8271" rank="order" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.17929">Cytophagales</identifier>
        <authority>Leadbetter 1974 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. García-López et al. 2019</authority>
        <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Cytophagales" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.17929" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
      </name-status-group>
    </nomenclatural-type>
    <taxonomic-equivalence />
    <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.0" rank="root">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.0" rank="root" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.0">Universal Root</identifier>
          <authority>Woese et al. 1990</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Universal Root" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.0" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
      <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.419" rank="domain">
        <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
          <name-status-group>
            <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.419" rank="domain" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.419">Bacteria</identifier>
            <authority>(None 2015) Woese et al. 1990</authority>
            <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacteria" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.419" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
          </name-status-group>
        </nomenclature>
        <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.7927" rank="phylum">
          <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
            <name-status-group>
              <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.31612" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7931" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7932" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7927">Bacteroidota</identifier>
              <authority>corrig. Krieg et al. 2021</authority>
              <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacteroidota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.31612" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
            </name-status-group>
            <name-status-group>
              <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7927" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7931" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7932" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7927">Bacteroidetes</identifier>
              <authority>(sic) Krieg et al. 2021 non Bacteroidetes Krieg 2012</authority>
              <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacteroidota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.31612" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
            </name-status-group>
          </nomenclature>
          <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.8068" rank="class">
            <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
              <name-status-group>
                <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.8068" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.17929" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8271" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.8068">Flavobacteria</identifier>
                <authority>Cavalier-Smith 1998 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2002</authority>
                <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Flavobacteriia" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.22978" illegitimate="true" is-current="false" rejected="true" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
              </name-status-group>
            </nomenclature>
          </ancestor>
        </ancestor>
      </ancestor>
    </ancestor>
    <parent doi="10.1601/tx.7927" rank="phylum">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.31612" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7931" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7932" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7927">Bacteroidota</identifier>
          <authority>corrig. Krieg et al. 2021</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacteroidota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.31612" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7927" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7931" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7932" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7927">Bacteroidetes</identifier>
          <authority>(sic) Krieg et al. 2021 non Bacteroidetes Krieg 2012</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacteroidota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.31612" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </parent>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.8220" rank="class">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.22759" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.8221" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8114" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.8220">Sphingobacteriia</identifier>
          <authority>corrig. Kämpfer 2012 emend. García-López et al. 2019</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Sphingobacteriia" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.22759" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.8220" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.8221" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8114" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.8220">Sphingobacteria</identifier>
          <authority>(sic) Kämpfer 2012 emend. García-López et al. 2019</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Sphingobacteriia" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.22759" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.7928" rank="class">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.14398" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7929" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7932" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7928">Bacteroidia</identifier>
          <authority>corrig. Krieg 2012 emend. García-López et al. 2019</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacteroidia" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.14398" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.7928" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.7929" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.7932" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.7928">Bacteroidetes</identifier>
          <authority>(sic) Krieg 2012 emend. García-López et al. 2019 non Bacteroidetes Krieg et al. 2021</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacteroidia" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.14398" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.22750" rank="class">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.22750" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.17929" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8271" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.22750">Cytophagia</identifier>
          <authority>Nakagawa 2012 emend. García-López et al. 2019</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Cytophagia" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.22750" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.24363" rank="class">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.24363" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.24364" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.24391" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.24363">Incertae sedis 105</identifier>
          <authority>None 2015</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Incertae sedis 105" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.24363" illegitimate="true" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.22978" rank="class">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.22978" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.8069" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8072" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.22978">Flavobacteriia</identifier>
          <authority>(Cavalier-Smith 1998) Bernardet 2012</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Flavobacteriia" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.22978" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.23367" rank="class">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.23367" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.23367">Incertae sedis 69</identifier>
          <authority>Xia et al. 2016</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Incertae sedis 69" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.23367" illegitimate="true" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.29350" rank="class">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.29350" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.29351" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8335" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.29350">Chitinophagia</identifier>
          <authority>Munoz et al. 2017 emend. García-López et al. 2019</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Chitinophagia" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.29350" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.29944" rank="class">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.29944" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.29945" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8240" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.29944">Saprospiria</identifier>
          <authority>Hahnke et al. 2018</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Saprospiria" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.29944" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.32165" rank="class">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.32165" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.32165">Incertae sedis 253</identifier>
          <authority>Horn et al. 2001</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Incertae sedis 253" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.32165" illegitimate="true" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.32445" rank="class">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.32445" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.32446" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.32449" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.32445">Incertae sedis 355</identifier>
          <authority>Gruwell et al. 2007</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Incertae sedis 355" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.32445" illegitimate="true" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.35409" rank="class">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.35409" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.35410" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.35047" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.35409">Incertae sedis 553</identifier>
          <authority>Kantor et al. 2015</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Incertae sedis 553" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.35409" illegitimate="true" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </sibling>
    <child doi="10.1601/tx.17929" rank="order">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.17929" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.8270" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8271" rank="order" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.17929">Cytophagales</identifier>
          <authority>Leadbetter 1974 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. García-López et al. 2019</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Cytophagales" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.17929" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </child>
    <child doi="10.1601/tx.8069" rank="order">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.8069" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.8071" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8072" rank="order" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.8069">Flavobacteriales</identifier>
          <authority>Bernardet 2012 emend. García-López et al. 2019</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Flavobacteriales" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.8069" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
    </child>
    <exemplars xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/exemplar" />
    <bibliography xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/reference">
      <reference id="rid.12927">
        <citation citation-type="book">
          <authors>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Krieg</surname>
              <given-names>N.R.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Ludwig</surname>
              <given-names>W.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Euzéby</surname>
              <given-names>J.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Whitman</surname>
              <given-names>W.B.</given-names>
            </person-name>
          </authors>
          <editors>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Krieg</surname>
              <given-names>N.R.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Staley</surname>
              <given-names>J.T.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Brown</surname>
              <given-names>D.R.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Hedlund</surname>
              <given-names>B.P.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Paster</surname>
              <given-names>B.J.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Ward</surname>
              <given-names>N.L.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Ludwig</surname>
              <given-names>W.</given-names>
            </person-name>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Whitman</surname>
              <given-names>W.B.</given-names>
            </person-name>
          </editors>
          <article-title>Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov.</article-title>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>4</volume>
          <edition>2</edition>
          <fpage>25</fpage>
          <source id="1353">Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology</source>
          <publisher-name>Springer</publisher-name>
          <publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>
          <isbn>0387950427</isbn>
        </citation>
      </reference>
      <reference id="rid.7524">
        <citation citation-type="journal">
          <authors>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Cavalier-Smith</surname>
              <given-names>T.</given-names>
            </person-name>
          </authors>
          <article-title>The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification.</article-title>
          <year>2002</year>
          <volume>52</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>7</fpage>
          <lpage>76</lpage>
          <source id="117">International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology</source>
          <abbrev>Int J Syst Evol Microbiol</abbrev>
          <issn>1466-5026</issn>
          <essn>1466-5034</essn>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1099/00207713-52-1-7</pub-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11837318</pub-id>
        </citation>
      </reference>
      <reference id="rid.18437">
        <citation citation-type="journal">
          <authors>
            <person-name>
              <surname>Cavalier-Smith</surname>
              <given-names>T.</given-names>
            </person-name>
          </authors>
          <article-title>A revised six-kingdom system of life</article-title>
          <year>1998</year>
          <volume>73</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>203</fpage>
          <lpage>266</lpage>
          <source id="1398">Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society</source>
          <abbrev>Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc</abbrev>
          <essn>1469-185X</essn>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x</pub-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9809012</pub-id>
        </citation>
      </reference>
    </bibliography>
    <annotation xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
      <snapshot date="2024-04-22" date-formatted="April 22, 2024" time="17:23:11" time-formatted="17:23 PM" />
      <modified curator="Charles Parker" date="2018-03-23" date-formatted="March 23, 2018" time="12:07:52" time-formatted="12:07 PM" />
      <created curator="Dorothea Rohlfs" date="2011-03-05" date-formatted="March 5, 2011" time="14:55:58" time-formatted="14:55 PM" />
    </annotation>
  </taxon>
  <synonyms>
    <synonyms-from>
      <synonym date="2012" from="10.1601/nm.8068" reference="rid.13216" to="10.1601/nm.22978" type="replacement">
        <name-status-group xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.22978" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.8069" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.8072" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.22978">Flavobacteriia</identifier>
          <authority>(Cavalier-Smith 1998) Bernardet 2012</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Flavobacteriia" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.22978" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </synonym>
    </synonyms-from>
    <synonyms-to />
  </synonyms>
  <bibliography xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/reference">
    <reference id="rid.7525">
      <citation citation-type="journal">
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