<?xml version="1.0" ?>
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<taxon doi="10.1601/tx.2011" rank="species" xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/taxon">
  <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
    <name-status-group>
      <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.2011" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2011" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.2011">Spirillum volutans</identifier>
      <authority>Ehrenberg 1832 (Approved Lists 1980)</authority>
      <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirillum volutans" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.2011" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
    </name-status-group>
  </nomenclature>
  <nomenclatural-type nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2011" xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common" />
  <taxonomic-equivalence>
    <related-taxon accession="968" nomos="NCBI Taxonomy" rank="species" relation="exactMatch" />
  </taxonomic-equivalence>
  <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.0" rank="root">
    <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
      <name-status-group>
        <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.0" rank="root" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.0">Universal Root</identifier>
        <authority>Woese et al. 1990</authority>
        <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Universal Root" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.0" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
      </name-status-group>
    </nomenclature>
    <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.419" rank="domain">
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.419" rank="domain" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.419">Bacteria</identifier>
          <authority>(None 2015) Woese et al. 1990</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Bacteria" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.419" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
      <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.808" rank="phylum">
        <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
          <name-status-group>
            <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.808" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.2552" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2553" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.808">Proteobacteria</identifier>
            <authority>(sic) Garrity et al. 2021</authority>
            <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Pseudomonadota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.40185" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
          </name-status-group>
          <name-status-group>
            <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.40185" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.2552" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2553" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.808">Pseudomonadota</identifier>
            <authority>corrig. Garrity et al. 2021</authority>
            <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Pseudomonadota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.40185" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
          </name-status-group>
          <name-status-group>
            <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.31608" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.2552" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2553" rank="phylum" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.808">Alphaproteobacteriota</identifier>
            <authority>(sic) Garrity et al. 2021</authority>
            <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Pseudomonadota" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.40185" illegitimate="false" is-current="false" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
          </name-status-group>
        </nomenclature>
        <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.1616" rank="class">
          <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
            <name-status-group>
              <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.1616" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.1617" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2584" rank="class" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.1616">Betaproteobacteria</identifier>
              <authority>Garrity et al. 2006 emend. Boden et al. 2017</authority>
              <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Betaproteobacteria" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.1616" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
            </name-status-group>
          </nomenclature>
          <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.1990" rank="order">
            <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
              <name-status-group>
                <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.1990" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.1992" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.1993" rank="order" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.1990">Nitrosomonadales</identifier>
                <authority>Garrity et al. 2006 emend. Boden et al. 2017</authority>
                <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Nitrosomonadales" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.1990" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
              </name-status-group>
            </nomenclature>
            <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.2009" rank="family">
              <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
                <name-status-group>
                  <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.2009" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.2010" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2011" rank="family" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.2009">Spirillaceae</identifier>
                  <authority>Migula 1894 (Approved Lists 1980)</authority>
                  <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirillaceae" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.2009" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
                </name-status-group>
              </nomenclature>
              <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.2010" rank="genus">
                <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
                  <name-status-group>
                    <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.2010" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.2011" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2011" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.2010">Spirillum</identifier>
                    <authority>Ehrenberg 1832 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Podkopaeva et al. 2009</authority>
                    <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirillum" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.2010" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
                  </name-status-group>
                </nomenclature>
                <ancestor doi="10.1601/tx.2011" rank="species">
                  <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
                    <name-status-group>
                      <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.2011" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2011" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.2011">Spirillum volutans</identifier>
                      <authority>Ehrenberg 1832 (Approved Lists 1980)</authority>
                      <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirillum volutans" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.2011" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
                    </name-status-group>
                  </nomenclature>
                </ancestor>
              </ancestor>
            </ancestor>
          </ancestor>
        </ancestor>
      </ancestor>
    </ancestor>
  </ancestor>
  <parent doi="10.1601/tx.2010" rank="genus">
    <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
      <name-status-group>
        <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.2010" nomenclatural-type="10.1601/tx.2011" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2011" rank="genus" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.2010">Spirillum</identifier>
        <authority>Ehrenberg 1832 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Podkopaeva et al. 2009</authority>
        <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirillum" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.2010" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
      </name-status-group>
    </nomenclature>
  </parent>
  <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.14876" rank="species">
    <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
      <name-status-group>
        <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.14876" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.14876" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.14876">Spirillum winogradskyi</identifier>
        <authority>Podkopaeva et al. 2009</authority>
        <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirillum winogradskyi" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.14876" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
      </name-status-group>
    </nomenclature>
  </sibling>
  <sibling doi="10.1601/tx.27642" rank="species">
    <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
      <name-status-group>
        <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.27642" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.27642" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.27642">Spirillum kriegii</identifier>
        <authority>Podkopaeva et al. 2006</authority>
        <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirillum kriegii" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.27642" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="NVP" />
      </name-status-group>
    </nomenclature>
  </sibling>
  <exemplars xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/exemplar">
    <exemplar doi="10.1601/ex.35622" is-uncultivated="false">
      <biosafety-level code="BSL-1" description="BioSafety Level 1" />
      <identifiers>
        <identifier is-laboratory-identifier="false" is-mixed-culture="false" is-non-viable="false" is-patent="false" is-symbiont="false" is-unavailable="false" is-variant="false" label="ATCC 19553" reference="rid.21350" source="reference" />
        <identifier is-laboratory-identifier="true" is-mixed-culture="false" is-non-viable="false" is-patent="false" is-symbiont="false" is-unavailable="false" is-variant="false" label="Pringsheim" reference="rid.21351" source="reference" />
      </identifiers>
      <features />
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.2011" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2011" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.2011">Spirillum volutans</identifier>
          <authority>Ehrenberg 1832 (Approved Lists 1980)</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirillum volutans" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.2011" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
      <bibliography xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/reference">
        <reference id="rid.21350">
          <citation citation-type="journal">
            <authors>
              <person-name>
                <surname>Hylemon</surname>
                <given-names>P.B.</given-names>
              </person-name>
              <person-name>
                <surname>Wells</surname>
                <given-names>J.S.</given-names>
              </person-name>
              <person-name>
                <surname>Bowdre</surname>
                <given-names>J.H.</given-names>
              </person-name>
              <person-name>
                <surname>MacAdoo</surname>
                <given-names>T.O.</given-names>
              </person-name>
              <person-name>
                <surname>Krieg</surname>
                <given-names>N.R.</given-names>
              </person-name>
            </authors>
            <article-title>Designation of Spirillum volutans Ehrenberg 1832 as Type Species of the Genus Spirillum Ehrenberg 1832 and Designation of the Neotype Strain of S. volutans</article-title>
            <year>1973</year>
            <volume>23</volume>
            <issue>1</issue>
            <fpage>20</fpage>
            <lpage>27</lpage>
            <source id="116">International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology</source>
            <abbrev>Int J Syst Bacteriol</abbrev>
            <issn>0020-7713</issn>
            <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1099/00207713-23-1-20</pub-id>
          </citation>
        </reference>
        <reference id="rid.21351">
          <citation citation-type="journal">
            <authors>
              <person-name>
                <surname>Rittenberg</surname>
                <given-names>B.T.</given-names>
              </person-name>
              <person-name>
                <surname>Rittenberg</surname>
                <given-names>S.C.</given-names>
              </person-name>
            </authors>
            <article-title>The growth of Spirillum volutans Ehrenberg in mixed and pure cultures.</article-title>
            <year>1962</year>
            <volume>42</volume>
            <issue>2</issue>
            <fpage>138</fpage>
            <lpage>153</lpage>
            <source id="746">Archiv für Mikrobiologie</source>
            <abbrev>Arch Mikrobiol</abbrev>
            <issn>0003-9276</issn>
            <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/BF00408170</pub-id>
            <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14492512</pub-id>
          </citation>
        </reference>
      </bibliography>
      <annotation xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <snapshot date="2024-04-22" date-formatted="April 22, 2024" time="14:24:39" time-formatted="14:24 PM" />
        <modified curator="Charles Parker" date="2019-09-26" date-formatted="September 26, 2019" time="20:34:58" time-formatted="20:34 PM" />
        <created curator="Charles Parker" date="2019-09-26" date-formatted="September 26, 2019" time="20:05:42" time-formatted="20:05 PM" />
        <public-note>Isolated from a mixed culture originally derived from cooling tower water of a beet sugar refinery in England. Krieg 1974 states "the Pringsheim strain (ATCC 19553) is identical in its characteristics [to ATCC 19554]".</public-note>
      </annotation>
    </exemplar>
    <exemplar doi="10.1601/ex.2011" is-uncultivated="false">
      <biosafety-level code="BSL-1" description="BioSafety Level 1" />
      <identifiers>
        <identifier is-laboratory-identifier="true" is-mixed-culture="false" is-non-viable="false" is-patent="false" is-symbiont="false" is-unavailable="false" is-variant="false" label="Wells" reference="rid.21350" source="reference" />
        <identifier is-laboratory-identifier="false" is-mixed-culture="false" is-non-viable="false" is-patent="false" is-symbiont="false" is-unavailable="true" is-variant="false" label="ATCC 19554" reference="rid.1300" source="reference" />
      </identifiers>
      <features>
        <feature code="10.1601.fr.16S" description="16S gene" id="GU585672" source="genbank" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/GU585672" />
        <feature code="10.1601.fr.16S" description="16S gene" id="M34131" source="genbank" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/M34131" />
      </features>
      <nomenclature xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <name-status-group>
          <identifier doi="10.1601/nm.2011" nomenclatural-type-exemplar="10.1601/ex.2011" rank="species" taxon-doi="10.1601/tx.2011">Spirillum volutans</identifier>
          <authority>Ehrenberg 1832 (Approved Lists 1980)</authority>
          <status candidatus="false" conserved="false" current-name="Spirillum volutans" current-name-doi="10.1601/nm.2011" illegitimate="false" is-current="true" rejected="false" revived="false" status-code="VP" />
        </name-status-group>
      </nomenclature>
      <bibliography xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/reference">
        <reference id="rid.21350">
          <citation citation-type="journal">
            <authors>
              <person-name>
                <surname>Hylemon</surname>
                <given-names>P.B.</given-names>
              </person-name>
              <person-name>
                <surname>Wells</surname>
                <given-names>J.S.</given-names>
              </person-name>
              <person-name>
                <surname>Bowdre</surname>
                <given-names>J.H.</given-names>
              </person-name>
              <person-name>
                <surname>MacAdoo</surname>
                <given-names>T.O.</given-names>
              </person-name>
              <person-name>
                <surname>Krieg</surname>
                <given-names>N.R.</given-names>
              </person-name>
            </authors>
            <article-title>Designation of Spirillum volutans Ehrenberg 1832 as Type Species of the Genus Spirillum Ehrenberg 1832 and Designation of the Neotype Strain of S. volutans</article-title>
            <year>1973</year>
            <volume>23</volume>
            <issue>1</issue>
            <fpage>20</fpage>
            <lpage>27</lpage>
            <source id="116">International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology</source>
            <abbrev>Int J Syst Bacteriol</abbrev>
            <issn>0020-7713</issn>
            <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1099/00207713-23-1-20</pub-id>
          </citation>
        </reference>
        <reference id="rid.1300">
          <citation citation-type="journal">
            <authors>
              <person-name>
                <surname>Skerman</surname>
                <given-names>V.B.D.</given-names>
              </person-name>
              <person-name>
                <surname>McGowan</surname>
                <given-names>V.</given-names>
              </person-name>
              <person-name>
                <surname>Sneath</surname>
                <given-names>P.H.A.</given-names>
              </person-name>
            </authors>
            <article-title>Approved Lists of Bacterial Names</article-title>
            <year>1980</year>
            <volume>30</volume>
            <issue>1</issue>
            <fpage>225</fpage>
            <lpage>420</lpage>
            <source id="116">International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology</source>
            <abbrev>Int J Syst Bacteriol</abbrev>
            <issn>0020-7713</issn>
            <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1099/00207713-30-1-225</pub-id>
          </citation>
        </reference>
      </bibliography>
      <annotation xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
        <snapshot date="2024-04-22" date-formatted="April 22, 2024" time="14:24:38" time-formatted="14:24 PM" />
        <modified curator="Charles Parker" date="2019-09-26" date-formatted="September 26, 2019" time="20:18:17" time-formatted="20:18 PM" />
        <created curator="Dorothea Rohlfs" date="2010-02-26" date-formatted="February 26, 2010" time="13:12:44" time-formatted="13:12 PM" />
        <curatorial-note>TODO (garrity): This type strain is no longer available from ATCC.</curatorial-note>
        <public-note>Isolated from stagnant pond water in Virginia, United States.</public-note>
      </annotation>
    </exemplar>
  </exemplars>
  <bibliography xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/reference">
    <reference id="rid.116">
      <citation citation-type="journal">
        <authors>
          <person-name>
            <surname>Ehrenberg</surname>
            <given-names>C.G.</given-names>
          </person-name>
        </authors>
        <article-title>Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Organization der Infusorien und ihrer geographischen Verbreitung besonders in Sibirien.</article-title>
        <year>1832</year>
        <volume>1830</volume>
        <fpage>1</fpage>
        <lpage>88</lpage>
        <source id="1062">Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin</source>
        <issn>0568-4250</issn>
      </citation>
    </reference>
  </bibliography>
  <annotation xmlns="http://namesforlife.com/ns/common">
    <snapshot date="2024-04-22" date-formatted="April 22, 2024" time="14:24:39" time-formatted="14:24 PM" />
    <modified curator="Charles Parker" date="2019-09-26" date-formatted="September 26, 2019" time="20:22:47" time-formatted="20:22 PM" />
    <created curator="Charles Parker" date="2019-09-26" date-formatted="September 26, 2019" time="19:58:34" time-formatted="19:58 PM" />
  </annotation>
</taxon>
