Serpula Stanton et al. 1991 Serpula hyodysenteriae (Harris et al. 1972) Stanton et al. 1991 Universal Root Woese et al. 1990 Bacteria (None 2015) Woese et al. 1990 Spirochaetota corrig. Garrity and Holt 2021 Spirochaetes (sic) Garrity and Holt 2021 non Spirochaetes Cavalier-Smith 2002 Spirochaetia (Cavalier-Smith 2002) Paster 2020 Spirochaetales Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hördt et al. 2020 Brachyspiraceae Paster 2012 Serpula Stanton et al. 1991 Brachyspiraceae Paster 2012 Brachyspira Hovind-Hougen et al. 1983 Serpulina (Stanton et al. 1991) Stanton 1992 Maribrachyspira Matsuyama et al. 2017 Serpula innocens (Kinyon and Harris 1979) Stanton et al. 1991 Serpula hyodysenteriae (Harris et al. 1972) Stanton et al. 1991 Paster B.J. Krieg N.R. Staley J.T. Brown D.R. Hedlund B.P. Paster B.J. Ward N.L. Ludwig W. Whitman W.B. Family II. Brachyspiraceae 2010 4 2 531 Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Springer New York 0387950427 Stanton T.B. Jensen N.S. Casey T.A. Tordoff L.A. Dewhirst F.E. Paster B.J. Reclassification of Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens in a new genus, Serpula gen. nov., as Serpula hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and Serpula innocens comb. nov. 1991 41 1 50 58 International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology Int J Syst Bacteriol 0020-7713 10.1099/00207713-41-1-50 1704792