Context: Disclosing one's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status helps in reducing the spread of the disease. Intimate partners are encouraged to reveal their status to each other. Such strategies aid in determining discordance and also target proven interventions to the correct demographic. Objective: The objective was to determine the rates of discordance among HIV positive pregnant women and their partners attending Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. Materials and Methods: Partners of HIV positive pregnant women who had been notified of their spouses status were invited, counseled, and those who accepted, were tested for HIV using the national testing algorithm. Pre- and post-test counseling was offered to all tested partners. Results: A total of 10,070 new patients booked for antenatal care during the study period. Eight thousand nine hundred and seventy-nine (89.2%) of them were counseled, with 8317 (92.6%) of them accepted to do the HIV test. Seven hundred and ninety-seven women tested positive giving a sero-prevalence of 9.6%. Although 84.4% (673) of the positive mothers stated their intent to notify their partners, only 21% (141) of the partners presented for counseling and testing. On the whole, 98.6% (139) of the partners who presented accepted the test with 45.3% (63) of them testing positive, giving a sero-discordance rate of 54.7%. Conclusion: The discordance rate among tested partners is high in our center and suboptimal counseling, and testing rates were observed in the male partners. Interventions aimed at increasing partner involvement should be devised and adapted for our region. This will yield more data, give a truer picture of discordance rates as well as the aid in better management of scarce resources in program implementation.

Introduction: In Nigeria, despite increasing availability HIV counseling and testing (HCT) services, uptake of HCT among youths has remained significantly low. Although, youths are at greater risk of HIV infection many of them do not access HCT services. Consequently, this study is aimed at ascertaining knowledge and level of uptake of HCT services among students in tertiary institution in South East Nigeria. Methodology: The study is a cross-sectional, descriptive survey involving a total of 312 students selected by multi-staged sampling technique. Responses were elicited from them using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire on bio-data, knowledge of HCT, desire for HIV testing, risk perception, access and utilization of HCT services. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 17. Findings: Analysis of the data showed that 184 (59%) of the students were aware of HCT, with a slightly greater male preponderance than females. Common sources of information on HCT were media (49.5%), friends (25.0%), and health worker (20.7%). Majority (78%) of them desired to be desired for HIV; however, only 138 (44.2%) had ever been tested for HIV, among which 86 (62%) were tested voluntarily. Most common reasons for testing for HIV were, to know their status (51.4%), admission into school (17%), blood transfusion (9%) and during illness (7%). Common reasons for not desiring to be tested were - not aware of any HCT center (37.1%), fear of test result (22.9%), distance (8.6%) and stigma (8.6%). One hundred and ninety-three (62%) students felt that they have a high chance of acquiring HIV infection. Conclusion: Despite high awareness and desire to be tested for HIV, uptake of HCT services remains low among students in tertiary institution, therefore adoption of youth-friendly approaches will improve uptake of HIV testing among them.

Background: The 2012 National Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS Plus II) was a nationally representative survey carried out to provide information on key HIV and AIDS and reproductive health knowledge and behavior-related issues. The survey included a second wave of the biological marker component (HIV testing) and was called NARHS Plus II. The major objective of NARHS Plus is to obtain accurate HIV prevalence estimates and information on behavioral and other risk factors-related to HIV infection at the national, zonal and to some extent the state levels. Survey Method: Data collection took place between September and December 2012 from a total of 32,543 households (rural = 22,192 and urban = 10,351). The 31,235 individual respondents interviewed in NARHS Plus II; consisting of 15,596 males and 15,639 females showed a response rate of 88%. The mean age of female respondents was 29.2 (standard deviation [SD] =9.5) years, lower than that of male, which was 34.0 (SD = 4.0) years. The data were analyzed for relevant variables disaggregated by zones and other selected background variables. HIV Sero-prevalence: The National HIV prevalence rate obtained in this survey is 3.4%, lower than 3.6% reported in 2007. HIV prevalence was higher among the wealthier (3.7%) than the poorer (2.9%) among females (3.5%) than males (3.3%) and slightly higher in the rural areas (3.6%) compared with the urban (3.2%). It was highest in the South South zone (5.5%) and lowest in the South East (1.8%). The HIV prevalence was generally higher among respondents with primary and secondary education (4.0%) and lowest among respondents that had Qur'anic education only (2.4%). HIV prevalence was also highest among the 35-39 years age group (4.4%) and lowest among the 15-19 years age group (2.9%), whereas the widowed had the highest prevalence (6.2%). Prevalence of HIV of 3.7% reported among respondents who had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months was higher than the overall prevalence of 3.4%. HIV prevalence was found to be associated with transactional sex with respondents who had exchanged sex for a gift/favor having higher prevalence.

Motor neuron diseases (MND) are extremely rare neurological manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We report a case of a 33-year-old known HIV seropositive male who presented with progressive asymmetrical onset of weakness and wasting of both distal limbs along with dysphagia and difficulty in speech. Examination revealed significant atrophy with visible fasciculations in thenar and hypothenar areas of both hands and dorsum of both feet associated with brisk deep tendon reflexes and jaw jerks, but diminished gag reflexes. Electromyography revealed evidence of denervation pattern. Investigations for underlying causes of MND other than HIV were noncontributory. Administration of riluzole along with continuation of antiretroviral therapy brought significant relief to his limb weakness, but bulbar features continued to progress. The case report highlights the rare, but definite association between HIV and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and partial reversibility of disabling clinical features on highly active antiretroviral therapy, which mandates ruling out HIV in all cases of ALS.