Biochemical Mechanisms of Cyclosporine Neurotoxicity

Table 1.

Cyclosporine-Induced Neurological Complications

CNS, central nervous system; CT, computer tomography; EEG electroencephalography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging. Data gathered from (7–9, 16, 17, 27, 31, 33, 41, 45, 47, 49, 53, 63).
*CNS Abnormalities*	Cortical blindness; Decreased responsiveness; Hallucinations; Delusions; Seizures; Tremor; Aphasia; Ataxia; Storke-like episodes; Paraesthesia
*CT, MRI, and EEG Findings*	White matter hypodensity; Cerebral edema; Metabolic encephalopathy; Acute ischemic insult; Axonal swelling; Hypoxic damage; Epileptiform discharge
*Proposed Mechanisms*	Hypomagnesemia; Hypocholesterolemia; Severe vasoconstriction; Hypertension; Mitochondrial dysfunctions